Determiners
Determiners are those words that are used before a noun to determine or fix its meaning.These can be divided into following Kinds:i)Articles : a ,an ,the
ii)Demonstratives: this,that,these,those
iii)Possessives: my ,ours,yours,his,her,its,their, Moran's ,cow's
iv)Indefinite adjectives/ Quantifiers: some,any,much,many,little,few,less
v)Numbers:one ,two,three,hundred etc.
vi)Ordinals : first, second,third,last,next etc.
1.Articles
The indefinite articles (a/an) is used before a singular countable noun.Countable nouns are names of things which can be counted - a book,a pen,an apple, an apple'a' is used before nouns beginning with a consonant sound - a man ,a hat, a fan.
'an' is used before nouns beginning with a vowel (a,i,e,o,u)sound.E.g an apple,an uncle,an egg.
REMEMBER
1) The following words begin with vowel letters but not with vowel sounds.therefore take a before them:a university,a unit,a European,a unit.
2 )The followings words begin with consonant letters but with vowel sounds, use an before them:an hour, an heir, an M.P, an S.P
3) The indefinite article is not normally used before uncountable nouns,such as water, sugar,wheat,iron,music,beauty etc.But if an uncountable noun is used in a particular sense ,a or an can be used with it.
E.g I always have a coffee with my lunch.(a cup of coffee).
4 )If a countable noun is preceded by an adjectives a/an is used before the adjectives according to its initial sound.E.g He is an honest man, it is a useful book.
The Definite Article (the)
It can be used with both countable nouns and uncountable nouns.It is main use to specify a person , place or things.
E.g there is a duster on my desk .Get me the duster.The is used before :
i)A singular noun when it refers to a particular class or groups.eg My brother has joined the army ,The cow is a scared animal.
ii) The name of rivers , ranges of mountains ,gulfs,seas,ocean,groups of island,names of ships etc.
e.g The Ganga ,The Himalayas, The Indian ocean,The Andaman, the Samrat.
iii)The names of countries in plural- the united kingdom , the united states of America,the Netherlands.
iv)The names of religious books -the Ramayana,the Vedas ,the Gita .
v)Hotels,museums and certain building- the Ashoka Hotel,the central bank , the Taj Mahal
vi) The names of families in plural - the Nehrus,the kanpurs.
vii)the names of the newspapers and magazines -the Hindu, the Economic time,
viii)the superlatives of adjectives - the best boy,the worst thing.
ix)Descriptive adjectives referring to a whole group or class- the rich = rich people, The poor= poor people.
x)Names of races and communities - the Sikhs, the Chinese, the English.
REMEMBER
Do not use 'the' before;
1 Abstract noun,plural noun,proper noun,names of materials,meals, coloures ,when used in general sense.
2 The names of games ,names of languages and branches of knowledge.
3 Expression like all day, all night , by train , by air.
2.Demonstratives
This (plural='these') and That(plural='those') are called demonstratives .They can be used as adjectives and as pronoun . They points to somebody (some people) or something(s).They tell us 'which one'.This is my pen.(pronoun)
These are his excuses.(pronoun)
This is a better can than that.(pronoun)
This pen is mine.(adjectives)
This(plural='these') refers to person or thing near to the speaker.
E.g ;This book is very interesting.
These flowers are beautiful.
That(plural='those') refers to person or thing far from the speaker.
E.g Get That cat out of here
Those houses are for sale.
3.Possessives
A possessives is a word that shows that a certain thing or person belongs to somebody or something. My, yours,his,her,its,our,their are possessives.They are also called possessives adjectives because they are placed before nouns and act as adjectives or quality words.E.g I must do my duty
We must do our duty
You must do your duty
They must do their duty
He must do his duty
She must do her duty
It must do its duty
4.Quantifiers
Quantifiers are words that are used to state quantity or amount of something without stating the actually number. They tell us how much or how many.E.g some,any,much,many,little,few,less.
She has some apples.
There is some milk in the kitchen
Few students were present today
There was little applause at the end of the speech
we need more information.
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